If you are a citizen of an EU country you do not need a visa to enter Italy. Either a valid national ID card or passport are sufficient.

Non-EU citizens will need a visa, issued by the Italian embassy in their country. This will grant the right to enter Italy whether in transit or for a brief stay (up to 90 days). Holders of a valid permit for longer stays (over 90 days) in Italy may also travel to other EU member states for no more than 90 days over a 6-month period. 

Employee work visa (temporary, permanent, seasonal): it may be obtained only after a 'nulla osta' clearance document that has been issued by the Immigration Office (Sportello unico per l'Immigrazione or SUI). For a non-EU resident to be employed in Italy, the employer – whether Italian or legal foreign resident in Italy – must apply for a work clearance document in your name from the SUI.

Visa for the self-employed: a self-employed individual may need to carry out work in Italy of an industrial, professional, artisanal or commercial nature; in order to set up a company or a corporation; or to hold corporate office. To obtain this type of visa you must meet the same professional and moral requirements as the law demands of Italian citizens carrying out the same type of activity.

For further information:

• Italian visa 
• Immigration Office (Sportello unico per l'Immigrazione or SUI) (ITA)

The metropolitan healthcare system includes some of the main excellences of Italian public health system. In the Bologna area there are two health companies (the AUSL and the Policlinico S. Orsola, recently become IRCCS) and the IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, while the AUSL of Imola is active in the Imola area, together with the Istituto Montecatone. The IRCCS represent hospitals of national excellence and of research purposes. 

The AUSL Bologna includes 46 municipalities in the metropolitan area. The company is present throughout the territory, from the plains to the Bolognese Apennines, passing through the urban district of the city of Bologna, with hospitals and a growing number of Health Homes (Case della Salute) and outpatient clinics spread throughout the territory. 

In particular, the Case della Salute include family doctors, pediatricians, medical specialists, nurses, social workers, various professionals and voluntary associations. 

Here below the IRCCS are listed and shortly described:  

The Policlinico S. Orsola - Malpighi, University Hospital of Bologna, is home to the Faculty of Medicine and Surgery of the Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, and therefore carries out integrated hospital and university activities. It is located in the heart of the city of Bologna and is structured in 27 Pavilions that hosts the Operating Units of the Policlinico. It is a national and international reference center for various pathologies and it becomes IRCCS in 2020 together with two operating units of Ospedale Maggiore in Bologna. 

The Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli is a highly specialized hospital and research centre in the field of orthopedics and traumatology. In 1981 the Italian Ministry of Health declared it IRCCS, recognizing the high level of health care achieved by the institute in the orthopedic and trauma field. 

The Ospedale Bellaria is one of the four public hospitals belonging to the local health service of Bologna. It hosts the Institute of Neuroscience, recognized as IRCCS. It is located in the Savena district, in the eastern part of the city of Bologna. 

The AUSL of Imola includes the territories of 10 municipalities and the territorial Pole of the City of Imola (Old Hospital), the Imola S. Maria della Scaletta Hospital, the Casa della Salute - Castel S. Pietro Terme Civil Hospital, the Casa della Salute of Medicina and the Casa della Salute of the Santerno Valley.  

The Istituto Montecatone, a structure of the Regional Health Service of the Emilia-Romagna Region, a highly specialized hospital, is the main regional center for the intensive rehabilitation of people with spinal cord injuries and one of the three regional reference centers for acquired brain injuries. It is also a national reference point: more than half of the patients, in fact, come from all over Italy. 

For further information:

• Azienda USL Bologna (ITA)
• Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna (ITA)
• Irccs - Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli di Bologna(ITA)
• Irccs - Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (Ospedale Bellaria) (ITA)
• Azienda Usl di Imola (ITA)
• Istituto di Montecatone (Imola, BO) (ITA)